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Aaarrrggghhh! Expression of discontent or disgust; simultaneously, it can also mean agreement or happiness.
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Ahoy! Hello!
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Aye: Yes.
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Blimey! Expression of surprise.
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Booty: Treasure.
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Bucko: Friend.
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Cackle Fruit: Hen's eggs.
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Cat O'Nine Tails: Whip with nine strands.
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Clap of Thunder: Strong alcoholic drink.
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Davy Jones's Locker: Graveyard for people killed or drowned at the sea.
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Grog: Alcoholic beverage; usually rum diluted with water.
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Grog Blossom: Redness on the nose or face of someone who drinks spirits to excess.
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Hang the jib: To pout or frown.
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Hearties: Friends.
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Hempen Halter: Noose for hanging.
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Hornswaggle: To defraud or cheat out of money or belongings.
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Jacob's Ladder: Rope ladder used to climb aboard ship.
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Jolly Roger: Pirate flag with white skull and crossbones over black.
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Landlubber: Land lover.
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Matey: Cheerful greeting to fellow pirate.
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Old Salt: Experienced sailor.
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Picaroon: Scoundrel.
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Pillage: To rob of goods by force, especially in time of war; plunder.
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Plunder: To take booty; rob.
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Pressgang: Company of men who force others into service on a pirate ship.
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Rope's End: Flogging.
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Run a rig: To play a trick.
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Scallywag: Villainous or mischievous person.
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Scurvy dog: Term used to insult another.
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Scuttle: Sink a ship.
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Seadog: Old pirate or sailor.
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Sea Legs: Getting one's balance aboard ship.
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Shark bait: Soon to die.
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Six pounders: Cannons.
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Smartly: Quickly.
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Spyglass: Telescope.
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Squiffy: Tipsy.
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Swab: To clean the deck of a ship.
Some phrases are self-explanatory.
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A friend can betray you, but an enemy will always stay the same.
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All hands hoay! (All hands on deck!).
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Batten down the hatches.
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Blow the man down!
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Dead men tell no tales.
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Feed the fish (soon to die).
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Hang 'im from the yardarm!
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Heave Ho! (put some muscle into it).
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Heave To! (come to a halt).
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Let's drink grog before the fog.
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Loaded to the gunwalls (to be drunk).
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Run a shot across the bow (command to fire a warning shot).
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Sail ho! (another ship is in view).
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Shiver me timbers! (expression of surprise or strong emotion).
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Sink me! (expression of surprise).
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Son of a Biscuit Eater (sanitized profanity for "son of a bitch").
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Splice the mainbrace! (give the crew a drink!).
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Take a caulk (take a nap).
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Thar she blows! (whale-sighting).
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Three sheets to the wind (someone who is very drunk. "One sheet" is mildly drunk, while "four sheets" is near to passing out).
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Touch my loot, feel my boot.
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Walk the plank (pictured below; punishment in which a person walks off the gangplank into the sea).
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Weigh anchor and hoist the mizzen!
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Yo-Ho-Ho! (exclamation to demand attention).